Psychodynamic Therapy for Depression in Women with Infants and Young Children
Abstract
Introduction
Experimental Studies
Individual Therapy
Therapy Groups
Combination Psychotherapies
Goals of the Current Research
Methods
Participants and Procedures
Individual Condition n = 23 | Group Condition n = 20 | Combination Condition n = 15 | All Subjects n = 58 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Time Moms | 10 (43%) | 13 (65%) | 10 (70%) | 33 (57%) |
Age of Youngest Child | Newborn–7 yrs | 5 wks–5 yrs | Newborn–3 yrs | Newborn–7 yrs |
Child Under 2 Years | 16/23 70% | 18/20 90% | 12/15 80% | 46/58 80% |
Middle SES | 23 (100%) | 20 (100%) | 15 (100%) | 58 (100%) |
Caucasian/Af Amer, Latino, Asian | 16/7 (70/30%) | 19/1 (95–5%) | 15/0 (100–0%) | 50/8 (86/14%) |
College Grad and/or Grad School | 23 (100%) | 17 (85%) | 15 (100%) | 55 (95%) |
At-Home/Work & Home | 9/14 (39/61%) | 12/8 (60/40%) | 8/7 (51/47%) | 29/29 (50/50%) |
Single | 6 (26%) | 4 (20%) | 3 (21%) | 13 (22%) |
Previous Psychotherapy | 19 (83%) | 18 (90%) | 14 (93%) | 51 (88%) |
Individual Condition n = 23 | Group Condition n = 20 | Combination Condition n = 15 | All Subject n = 58 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intensity of Study Treatment | ||||
Sessions per month | 4–50 min | 2–90 min | 2–90 min + 2–50 min | |
Means hours per month | 3 1/3 | 3 | 4 2/3 | Approx 3 2/3 |
Medication | 6 (26%) | 4 (20%) | 5 (33%) | 15 (26%) |
Only 3/58 initiated during study | ||||
Duration of Study Therapy | (18) 7–46 | (14) 6–33 | (21) 5–108 | (17) 5–108 |
(mean) months range | ||||
DSM IV | ||||
Adjustment | 6 (26%) | 5 (25%) | 3 (20%) | 14 (24%) |
Disorder w | ||||
Depression | ||||
Dysthymic | 12 (52%) | 11 (55%) | 8 (53%) | 31 (53%) |
Disorder | ||||
Major Depressive Disorder | 5 (22%) | 4 (20%) | 4 (27%) | 13 (22%) |
Disorder |
Individual Condition n = 23 | Group Condition n = 20 | Combination Condition n = 15 | All Subjects n = 55 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Divorce | 6 (26%) | 9 (45%) | 7 (47%) | 22 (38%) |
Sexual or Physical Abuse | 2 (9%) | 3 (15%) | 2 (13%) | 7 (12%) |
Alcoholism in Parent | 1 (4%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (33%) | 11 (19%) |
Affective Disorder in Parent | 14 (61%) | 7 (35%) | 8 (53%) | 29 (50%) |
Medical Problem in Parent | 4 (17%) | 8 (40%) | 3 (20%) | 15 (26%) |
Loss of Parent or Sibling | 1 (4%) | 6 (30%) | 5 (33%) | 12 (21%) |
Recent Loss of Parent | 3 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 3 (20%) | 8 (14%) |
Infertility History | 4 (17%) | 5 (25%) | 4 (27%) | 13 (22%) |
Significant Medical Problem | 5 (22%) | 4 (20%) | 6 (40%) | 15 (26%) |
Substance Abuse | 1 (4%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (7%) | 3 (5%) |
History of Eating Disorder | 5 (22%) | 3 (15%) | 2 (13%) | 10 (17%) |
Hospitalized for Mental Health | 2 (9%) | 3 (15%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (9%) |
Pregnancy or Birth Complication | 8 (35%) | 7 (35%) | 4 (27%) | 19 (33%) |
Child w/Medical Problem | 5 (22%) | 4 (20%) | 2 (13%) | 11 (19%) |
Relational-Developmental Psychodynamic Therapy
Measures
Results
Individual n = 13 | Group n = 14 | Combination n = 11 | All subjects n = 38 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positives | Positives | Positives | Positives | |||||
Mean 86% | 95% CI | Mean 72% | 95% CI | Mean 71% | 95% CI | Mean 76% | 95% CI | |
General Well-being | 92% | 66–99% | 93% | 69–99% | 82% | 50–97% | 89% | 76–96% |
Parenting Confidence | 92% | 67–99% | 71% | 42–90% | 91% | 61–99% | 85% | 69–93% |
Attunement with your Child | 85% | 57–97% | 71% | 42–90% | 64% | 33–86% | 73% | 58–87% |
Frustration Tolerance | 85% | 57–97% | 43% | 21–69% | 73% | 39–92% | 67% | 49–80% |
Mood | 92% | 67–99% | 71% | 42–90% | 73% | 39–92% | 79% | 64–90% |
Anxiety | 92% | 67–99% | 64% | 37–85% | 45% | 20–75% | 67% | 51–82% |
Sense of Connection | 77% | 48–93% | 93% | 69–99% | 91% | 61–99% | 87% | 73–95% |
Productivity | 69% | 41–89% | 36% | 15–63% | 36% | 14–67% | 47% | 31–64% |
Relationships | 92% | 67–99% | 93% | 69–99% | 73% | 39–92% | 87% | 73–95% |
Outlook on Life | 85% | 57–97% | 86% | 58–97% | 82% | 50–97% | 85% | 69–93% |
![](/cms/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2012.66.2.181/asset/images/00005_psisdgajp662_v66i2a5_page_12_1.jpg)
Pre Therapy Mean | Post Therapy Mean | Mean Increase | SD | t | P< | Effect size Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual n = 23 | 58.65 | 70.26 | 11.60 | 5.35 | 10.67 | .000 | 2.16 |
Group n = 20 | 57.35 | 65.75 | 8.40 | 7.40 | 4.94 | .001 | 1.13 |
Combination Individual/Group n = 15 | 58.06 | 67.53 | 9.47 | 7.42 | 4.77 | .001 | 1.27 |
Overall n = 58 | 58.05 | 68.00 | 9.95 | 6.70 | 8.02 | .000 | 1.49 |
Discussion
Methodological Points and Future Directions
Clinical Points
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Keywords:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Export Citations
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.
There are no citations for this item
View Options
View options
PDF/ePub
View PDF/ePubGet Access
Login options
Already a subscriber? Access your subscription through your login credentials or your institution for full access to this article.
Personal login Institutional Login Open Athens loginNot a subscriber?
PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5-TR® library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.
Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.).