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Clinical and Research Reports
Published Online: 30 May 2018

The Neural Correlates of Self-Regulatory Fatigability During Inhibitory Control of Eye Blinking

Publication: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Abstract

The capacity to regulate urges is an important human characteristic associated with a range of social and health outcomes. Self-regulatory capacity has been postulated to have a limited reserve, which when depleted leads to failure. The authors aimed to investigate the neural correlates of self-regulatory fatigability. Functional MRI was used to detect brain activations in 19 right-handed healthy subjects during inhibition of eye blinking, in a block design. The increase in number of blinks during blink inhibition from the first to the last block was used as covariate of interest. There was an increase in the number of eye blinks escaping inhibitory control across blink inhibition blocks, whereas there was no change in the number of eye blinks occurring during rest blocks. Inhibition of blinking activated a wide network bilaterally, including the inferior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and caudate. Deteriorating performance was associated with activity in orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, rostroventral anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, somatosensory, and parietal areas. As anticipated, effortful eye-blink control resulted in activation of prefrontal control areas and regions involved in urge and interoceptive processing. Worsening performance was associated with activations in brain areas involved in urge, as well as regions involved in motivational evaluation. These findings suggest that self-regulatory fatigability is associated with relatively less recruitment of prefrontal cortical regions involved in executive control.

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Information

Published In

Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Go to The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Pages: 325 - 333
PubMed: 29843584

History

Received: 19 July 2017
Revision received: 30 October 2017
Revision received: 19 January 2018
Accepted: 14 February 2018
Published online: 30 May 2018
Published in print: Fall 2018

Keywords

  1. Neurology
  2. Headache and Facial Pain
  3. Self-Regulatory Control
  4. Self-Regulatory Failure
  5. Self-Regulatory Fatigue
  6. Self-Regulatory Fatigability
  7. Executive Fatigue
  8. Executive Fatigability
  9. Resource Depletion
  10. Eye Blinking
  11. fMRI
  12. Orbitofrontal Cortex
  13. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
  14. Inferior Frontal Gyrus
  15. Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Authors

Details

Elia Abi-Jaoude, M.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P.C. [email protected]
From the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J); the Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J, PS); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (BS); the Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (SC); the Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (AC); and the Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PS).
Barbara Segura, Ph.D.
From the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J); the Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J, PS); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (BS); the Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (SC); the Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (AC); and the Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PS).
Sang Soo Cho, Ph.D.
From the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J); the Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J, PS); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (BS); the Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (SC); the Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (AC); and the Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PS).
Adrian Crawley, Ph.D.
From the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J); the Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J, PS); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (BS); the Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (SC); the Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (AC); and the Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PS).
Paul Sandor, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
From the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J); the Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (EA-J, PS); the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (BS); the Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (SC); the Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (AC); and the Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (PS).

Notes

Send correspondence to Dr. Abi-Jaoude; e-mail: [email protected]
Previously presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Neuropsychiatric Association, Boston, April 3–6, 2013, and the 19th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Seattle, June 17, 2013.

Funding Information

Onatrio Mental Health Foundation:
Supported in part by the Toronto General and Western Hospital Foundation and an Ontario Mental Health Foundation studentship (to Dr. Abi-Jaoude).

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