Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience
Abstract
MECHANISMS: IDENTIFYING PATHWAYS LINKING EARLY ADVERSITY WITH MENTAL HEALTH
Stress Acceleration
HETEROGENEITY: DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF EARLY ADVERSITY
Unpredictability
Threat and Deprivation
TIMING: SENSITIVE PERIODS AND DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS
Sensitive Periods
Timing-Related Effects of Adversity
PROTECTIVE FACTORS: CAREGIVER SUPPORT AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RECALIBRATION
Caregiver Buffering
Opportunities for Recalibration
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF EARLY ADVERSITY
Key Challenges
Cross-Species Translation
Longitudinal Developmental Investigations
“Big Data” and Collaboration
Advanced Computational Approaches
Refining Conceptual Models
Translation to Intervention
CONCLUSIONS
References
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